SIGINT is a contraction of SIGnal INTelligence, It is one of the major forms of intelligence.Signals intelligence satellites are designed to detect transmissions from broadcast communications systems such as radios, as well as radars and other electronic systems.The Interception of such transmissions can provide information on the type and location of even low power transmitters, such as hand-held radios.However, these satellites are not capable of intercepting communications carried over land lines, such as under-sea fiber optic cables.
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) comprises of Communications intelligence (COMINT) which is directed at the analysis of the source and content of message traffic. While most military communications are protected by encryption techniques, computer processing can be used to decrypt some traffic, and additional intelligence can be derived from analysis of patterns of transmissions over time.
Signal detection
Whether a signal is human communications (e.g., a radio), the Signals intelligence (SIGINT) ?collection specialists have to know it exists. If the targeting function described above learns that a country has a radar that operates in a certain frequency range, the first step is to use a sensitive receiver, with one or more antennas that capture signals in every direction, to find an area where such a radar is operating. Once the radar is known to be in the area, the next step is to find its location.
If operators know the probable frequencies of transmissions of interest, they may use a set of receivers, preset to the frequencies of interest. These are the frequency (horizontal axis) versus power (vertical axis) produced at the transmitter, before any filtering of signals that do not add to the information being transmitted. Received energy on a particular frequency may start a recorder, and alert a human to listen to the signals if they are intelligible (i.e., COMINT). If the frequency is not known, the operators may look for power on primary or sideband frequencies using a spectrum analyzer signals. Information from the spectrum analyzer is then used to tune receivers to the signals of interest. For example, in this simplified spectrum, the actual information is at 800 KHz and 1.2 MHz.
Satellite identification system
A satellite identification system for identifying a communications satellite from which a broadcast communication signal is being received by an antenna, wherein the communication signal includes data identifying a programmer that broadcast the communication signal and/or an uplink location from which the communication signal is broadcast.