Bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses. These flu viruses occur among birds naturally. Wild birds all over the world carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from them. However, bird flu is extremely contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, including ducks, turkeys, and chickens, very sick and kill them.
Bird flu viruses do not usually infect humans, but several cases of human infection with bird flu viruses have occurred since 1997.
The World health Organization (WHO) issued a prophetic warning in December 2004. It claimed that if bird flu triggered the next pandemic, the virus would likely originate in Asia. This seems to becoming a harsh reality. As of September 2005, a total of 63 people have died in Southeast Asia. 11 countries have now fallen victim, as more and more people are infected and hospitalised.
"No government, no head of state can be taken unawares," said WHO director general Lee Jong-Wook. "It is very important for all of us to be prepared..."
He advised countries should prepare for a pandemic by stockpiling antiviral drugs and positioning them in high-risk areas; intensifying efforts in vaccine development; and planning for massive economic and social disruptions.
Remember governments and wealthy commercial companies are rapidly buying supplies and stockpiling known antiviral drugs. It is prudent to start protecting your family now by ordering drugs such as Tamiflu®, as pharmaceutical companies are warning that stocks are quickly being depleted.
Studies of Oseltamivir (sold commercially as Tamiflu®, and manufactured by Roche Laboratories Inc.), show promise against H5N1 Influenza Virus - bird flu virus. The drug dramatically boosted the survival rate of infected mice.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), funded this mice research in mid - 2005 and the results are published online in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. British researchers reported finding H5N1 flu virus in the spinal fluid of a young boy who died of influenza in Vietnam earlier in the year 2005, an indication that H5N1 is able to infect the human brain.
Symptoms of bird flu in humans have ranged from typical flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches) to eye infections, pneumonia, severe respiratory diseases (such as acute respiratory distress), and other severe and life-threatening complications. The symptoms of bird flu may depend on which virus caused the infection.
Infected birds shed flu virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and faeces. Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with contaminated excretions or surfaces that are contaminated with excretions. It is believed that most cases of bird flu infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces.
The H5N1 virus currently infecting birds in Asia that has caused human illness and death is resistant to amantadine and rimantadine, two antiviral medications commonly used for influenza. Two other antiviral medications, Oseltamavir (Tamiflu®) and Zanamavir, are proving successful in the battle to treat flu caused by the H5N1 virus. Studies and research continue.
"In 1999, The US Food and Drug Administration approved these two new drugs that are effective for the treatment of both influenza A and influenza B. These drugs, called neuraminidase inhibitors, block the normal function of the viral neuraminidase." (Source: NFID)
Tamiflu® (Roche Laboratories Inc.) and Relenza® (Glaxo Wellcome) are both drugs classified as neuraminidase inhibitors and do help protect you and your family.
The antiviral medication Tamiflu® was prescribed more often than any other during last year's (2004) flu season. It is indicated for the treatment of influenza in patients 1 year and older who have had symptoms for no more than 2 days.
It attacks the influenza virus and stops it from spreading inside your body. Tamiflu® treats flu at its source by attacking the virus that causes the flu, rather than simply masking symptoms.
This antiviral is also indicated for the prevention of influenza in adults and adolescents 13 years and older.
Make contact with your doctor and ask if Tamiflu® is right for you for the treatment or prevention of flu. These drugs can be ordered online.
Tamiflu ® - The first known antiviral known to be effective against the Avian Flu. A tablet that is taken by mouth twice a day for 5 days. Should be used within 48 hours of onset of symptoms.
Relenza ® - The second known antiviral known to be effective against the Avian Flu. Inhaled as a powder twice a day for 5 days. A special device called a diskhaler is supplied with the medication.
In conclusion, the best methods for protecting you and your family, is to ensure that after taking advice from your health care provider, you become vaccinated. Purchase antiviral drugs and familiarise yourself with the new drug-free 3 minute Cold and Flu procedure, discovered by doctors after an accident with polio virus research.
Stay up to date with the excellent free information provided online by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Center For Drug Evaluation And Research); World Health Organisation (WHO) and Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC).
The Swine Flu Virus
Avian bird flu, a viral disease, also termed as bird flu, avian influenza, type A flu or genus. This flu is a kind of influenza hosted by birds but can affect other animals and particularly humans also. The virus in general is the influenza virus 'A' but is a bit different every time the flu breaks out, because of the evolutionary changes it keeps undergoing. New viruses keep getting formed because of genetic mutation and are named using a H number and an N number, which denote different pathogenic profiles. Some of those ones which for sure affect human populace and did so in the past are, H1N1 (Spanish flu, 1918-19) H2N2 (Asian flu, 1957-58), H3N2 (Hong Kong flu, 1968-69), etc. Some of those identified are extinct now because of the constant mutations taking place in the structure of the virus which self destructs its capabilities to infect humans anymore. Also new viruses have come up and currently the major pandemic (epidemic over a wide geographical area) threat is from H5N1 virus.
It was first discovered in Italy in 1878 and was even called fowl plague because of the enormity of its effect in chicken livestock. It was however only in 1955 when avian flu was confirmed to be caused by influenza A viruses. Wild fowl is the natural carrier of the virus, though it is not affected by the virus and is only a transmitter to birds, pigs, horses, etc. The bodies (intestines to be more specific) of gulls, waterfowls and shorebirds are said to be "natural reservoirs" of the disease. Their bodies have long adapted to the problem and have developed internal antibodies to combat the virus. The adaptation, however, does not extend to other species. Hence domestic birds are the most affected and other animals and humans are only marginally affected, in numbers. The bird flu virus causes two forms of influenzas, namely, a low pathogenic form which shows only nominal symptoms and a high pathogenic form which affects internal organs and might prove 100% fatal in 48 hours.
The disease is contagious and spreads through air and in manure. The transmission occurs from air, contaminated water, equipments especially those used in animal farms, clothing, etc. At high temperatures the virus gets destroyed, like in prolonged summers, cooking, steaming, fires, etc. but survives for long periods in cold weather. The bird flu virus starts showing its effects in 3 to 5 days, and can be fatal if highly pathogenic. Hundreds and millions of birds get killed every year, since the most commonly practiced way of eliminating the virus is to slaughter the infected animals.
It has a long history of affecting human population in epidemic form. Those subtypes which infect humans are called human influenza virus. The only known ones are H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2, with H5N1 having a potential threat. The symptoms shown in humans are same as those from other influenza, namely, fever, cough, muscle fatigue, conjunctivitis and sometimes breathing problems and fatal pneumonia. Detection of the avian bird flu virus in the human body can be done using general influenza virus tests, but this might be unreliable. The most reliable test till date is microneutralization but is a complicated test and can be performed only in highly professional laboratories. Normal antiviral drugs work against the human influenza virus but other specific drugs for specific new viruses are being developed.
As far as humans are concerned, the bird flu virus has substantial risk of an influenza epidemic in near future. A primary concern is the rapid spreading of the virus
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